Energy Trade Shifts as Russian Exports Fall, US Tightens Tariffs

Global energy trade patterns continue to shift as Russian fossil fuel exports face further declines under sanctions, the United States increases tariffs on countries importing Russian energy, and American energy exports remain a significant share of total output.

According to the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), Russia exported an average of €678 million (US$791 million) per day in fossil fuels in July 2025, down from €703 million per day in June. The European Union, China, and India remained the top buyers, with China importing €257 million per day, the EU €169 million per day, and India €106 million per day.

CREA’s analysis attributed the decline in revenues partly to reduced export volumes and lower prices for Russian oil and gas in some markets. Pipeline gas exports to the EU have fallen sharply, and Russia has increasingly relied on maritime crude shipments to Asia, often with price discounts to secure buyers.

Recently, the United States has increased tariffs on certain Indian goods in response to India’s continued purchases of Russian crude, aiming to discourage energy trade that circumvents Western sanctions. India has defended its imports, citing domestic energy security needs and favorable pricing.

In parallel, US energy exports have remained a major factor in global supply. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported that the United States exported 30% of its primary energy output in 2024, including crude oil, oil products, natural gas, and coal. This marks one of the highest export shares on record, reflecting strong demand from Europe and Asia amid shifting supply chains. The combined effects of Russian supply constraints, evolving trade routes, and policy measures by major economies are contributing to a reconfiguration of global energy flows.