Health Implications of Mexico's Shift to Ultra-Processed Foods

In a recent conference on ultra-processed products and food vulnerability at the IIEc Research Advances Seminar, experts shed light on Mexico's dietary transformation since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Agustín Rojas, Researcher at the Institute of Economic Research, UNAM, noted a significant surge in the consumption of highly industrialized products, altering the nation's dietary habits. According to the Pan American Health Organization, Mexico leads in both the sale and consumption of ultra-processed goods, with severe health implications.

Rojas pointed out that in the past, malnutrition-related diseases were widespread in the country. However, there has been a shift, with swallowing disorders and chronic degenerative conditions becoming more prevalent. These health issues are linked to the excessive calories, sugar, and sodium found in the highly processed foods now dominating the market. These processed and ultra-processed items follow a new socio-economic and production logic, prioritizing profitability by minimizing costs and maximizing profits.

Technological advances facilitate the creation of longer-lasting commodities, easily transported and stored, catering to urban consumers' needs for convenience. However, this economic dynamic constrains access to natural, nutritious foods, reshaping consumption patterns, highlighted Rojas.

While individual responsibility for health choices is emphasized, limited access to wholesome options is disregarded. Even diagnosed individuals often resort to ultra-processed foods due to market dominance by food industries, controlling distribution channels, underscores the researcher’s investigation. 

The overabundance of such foods in supermarkets reflects a staggering 85% market share, eclipsing healthier alternatives. Currently, ultra-processed goods dominate over 60% of the Mexican market, with traditional markets dwindling by 34% in recent years. In response, calls are made to reassess food production and distribution models, advocating for regional structures facilitating direct connections between producers and consumers. This shift aims to address the escalating health risks associated with the prevalent consumption of ultra-processed foods in Mexico.