Single Sign-On Authentication Security Vulnerabilities

The authentication method, Single Sign-On (SSO), has gained popularity across digital platforms for enabling end users to login with a single set of digital credentials. However, vulnerabilities in SSO implementation, such as weak authentication controls or inadequate session management, can be exploited by cybercriminals to gain unauthorized access to all linked accounts. 

"Regardless of the method used to access various digital services, users [employing SSO] can enjoy a seamless experience without complications. However, this is [only] possible as long as general cyber hygiene practices are followed, such as avoiding revealing credentials, enabling Two-Factor Authentication, and being aware of one's digital footprint," says Camilo Gutiérrez, Research Laboratory Chief, ESET. Consequently, ESET cybersecurity experts advise users to exercise caution when adopting SSO, particularly for websites storing sensitive personal information.

While SSO enhances user experience by facilitating quick access to digital resources without the need for repeated logins, websites storing sensitive information can potentially expose users to significant cybersecurity risks. For instance, if a user's SSO credentials are compromised, cybercriminals can easily gain access to all SSO linked accounts, potentially exposing users to multiple data breaches. These breaches can have a devastating impact on users, including the loss of personal data, financial information, and identity theft.

"This access process is known as single sign-on or social sign-in, allowing users to log into their online accounts in a seamless way. However, it is highly recommended to choose an independent account protected by a strong and unique password phrase, which can be further enhanced with two-factor authentication methods," says Gutiérrez. 

Going beyond two-factor authentication, Gutiérrez argues that authenticating the digital platform’s legitimacy can help minimize the risk of falling victim to phishing attempts or malvertising threats. Additionally, Gutiérrez suggests that the websites linked to the primary user account should be constantly monitored for suspicious activities to enable prompt response-times.

Another possible solution to mitigate some of the inherent risks associated with SSO systems is opting for password managers. These managers generate and store complex, unique passwords for each digital account, effectively reducing the risk of a single compromised password granting access to multiple accounts. Furthermore, they also add an extra layer of protection by encrypting the stored passwords, making it harder for cybercriminals to decipher login credentials. 

“While a password manager can seamlessly pair with your SSO, it is ultimately a separate solution, providing you with an extra layer of security should your SSO provider be compromised. A password manager also provides additional security on the long tail of services that SSO cannot cover,” says password manager company, Dashlane.