One Third of Forest Fires Linked to Agricultural Burning: SADER

Uncontrolled agricultural burnings are responsible for one-third of forest fires in Mexico, reported the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADER). In response, authorities have intensified efforts to promote sustainable practices, advocating against burning and facilitating compliance with regulations through mobile technology.

From January to May 2024, 34.7% of forest fires were the result of uncontrolled agricultural burning. These episodes endanger the lives of producers, damage ecosystems, and erode soils, thus reducing crop yields, emphasizes SADER. The National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) reported 204 active forest fires throughout the country as of May 12, 2024. This figure marks the highest number of fires recorded in the ongoing season, affecting 93,258ha in 24 states. At the state level, Guerrero presents the greatest impact with 44,593ha affected, followed by Oaxaca with 6,803 ha, Durango with 6,613 ha, and San Luis Potosi with 6,019 ha.

SADER has intensified efforts in training, raising awareness, and promoting alternative practices to mitigate the incidence of such disasters nationwide. "The soil has taken hundreds and even thousands of years to form, and due to improper practices, such as burning, it can be lost and degraded. It is essential to promote sustainable agricultural practices that guarantee the food security of rural communities," highlights Víctor Villalobos, Minister of Agriculture.

The burning of plots is an traditional method of soil preparation that facilitates nutrient release for crop cultivation. However, it increases the risk of forest fires and causes severe damage to biodiversity. SADER points out that such burnings lead to the loss of crucial organisms and microorganisms responsible for decomposing organic matter, soil aeration, and nutrient release, all essential for enhancing crop production.

Villalobos notes that since 2020, the federal government has promoted alternatives to the use of fire in agriculture through the Mi parcela no se quema (My Plot Does Not Burn) program, encouraging the reincorporation of crop residues into the soil instead of burning them. This practice not only enriches the soil with organic matter but also aids in moisture retention, thereby reducing the likelihood of incidents that could trigger forest fires.

The incorporation of crop residue into the soil acts as a protective cover, maintaining soil moisture levels and preventing erosion caused by wind and water. This action is also beneficial during periods of drought or in regions where water supply is limited, highlighted SADER. Additionally, it facilitates nutrient release through residue decomposition, consequently reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, this method suppresses weed growth by blocking the sunlight necessary for their germination.

Villalobos reiterated the government's commitment to implementing programs aimed at fostering sustainable agriculture, which encompasses soil health and conservation, responsible water resource management, and maximizing agrobiodiversity utilization. He emphasized that these measures not only enhance productivity but also contribute to the well-being of rural families.

For those still considering controlled burning, Villalobos advised adhering to NOM-015 Semarnat/Agricultura 2023, which outlines technical specifications to minimize risks. The regulation stipulates that individuals intending to use fire must submit a Fire Use Notice to the competent authority at least 15 days prior to burning, which can be done through the Fires and Burnings Mexico mobile app, developed by SADER.