WHO Issues First Clinical Guidelines for Tobacco Cessation

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) first clinical guidelines for tobacco cessation aim to help over 750 million people quit tobacco. These include pharmacological treatments, behavioral support, and digital tools. The initiative addresses gaps in cessation services, especially in low and middle-income countries, and is expected to improve global tobacco control efforts by expanding access to quitting resources. 

The guidelines target all tobacco users, including those using cigarettes, waterpipes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, roll-your-own tobacco, and heated tobacco products (HTPs). Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director General, WHO, emphasized that the guidelines equip countries with essential tools to support individuals in quitting tobacco and reducing the burden of tobacco-related diseases. "It empowers countries with the essential tools to effectively support individuals in quitting tobacco and alleviate the global burden of tobacco-related diseases,” he said. 

Despite over 60% of 1.25 billion tobacco users expressing a desire to quit, approximately 70% lack access to effective cessation services. This access gap is attributed to challenges such as resource limitations in health systems.

Rüdiger Krech, Director of Health Promotion, WHO, highlighted the significant challenges faced by individuals attempting to quit smoking, underscoring the need for comprehensive support systems. The new guidelines are designed to assist communities and governments in providing effective support to those on the path to quitting.

WHO recommends a combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions to increase quitting success rates. The guidelines suggest several effective pharmacological treatments, including varenicline, Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), bupropion, and cytisine. To enhance global access to these medications, WHO initiated a prequalification procedure for tobacco cessation products. Notably, Kenvue’s nicotine gum and patch were the first NRT products to receive WHO prequalification in April 2024.

Behavioral interventions, including brief counseling from health workers and more intensive support options, such as individual or group counseling, are also recommended. Additionally, digital tools like text messaging, smartphone apps, and internet programs can serve as adjuncts or self-management aids.

WHO calls on healthcare providers, policy-makers, and stakeholders to implement these guidelines to promote tobacco cessation and improve global health outcomes.